Generic

Sodium Chloride

Indications

These intravenous solutions are intended for use as supplies of electrolytes and water for hydration in adults and children. Extracellular fluid replenishment, therapy of metabolic alkalosis in the presence of fluid loss, and mild sodium depletion are all indications for 0.9 percent sodium chloride infusion. The infusion of 0.9 percent sodium chloride is also approved for use as a priming solution in hemodialysis operations, and it can be used to start and stop blood transfusions without hemolyzing red blood cells. Infusions of sodium chloride are also used as pharmaceutic aids and diluents for infusing appropriate medication additions. Consult the prescribing information that comes with the additional medications.

Pharmacology

The most abundant extracellular cation is sodium chloride. It restores sodium ions, which is crucial for electrolyte and fluid balance, osmotic pressure management, and water distribution. It is used as a source of electrolytes and water for hydration, metabolic acidosis treatment, hemodialysis priming solution, and hyperosmolar diabetic treatment. It’s also utilized as a diluent for infusing medicinal additives that are compatible with it.

Dosage & Administration

This solution is for intravenous use only. Dosage is to be directed by a physician and is dependent upon age, weight, clinical condition of the patient and laboratory determinations. Frequent laboratory determinations and clinical evaluation are essential to monitor changes in blood glucose and electrolyte concentrations, and fluid and electrolyte balance during prolonged parenteral therapy.

In the average adult, daily requirements of sodium and chloride are met by the infusion of one liter of 0.9% sodium chloride (154 mEq each of sodium and chloride). There is no specific pediatric dose. The dose is dependent on weight, clinical condition and laboratory results. Follow recommendations of appropriate pediatric reference text. Fluid administration should be based on calculated maintenance or replacement fluid requirements for each patient. 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection may also be administered intravascularly as a priming fluid in hemodialysis procedures.

When Sodium Chloride Injection is used as a diluent for infusion of compatible drug additive, refer to dosage and administration information accompanying additive drugs. Some additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist. When introducing additives, use aseptic techniques. Mix thoroughly. Do not store. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.

Contraindications

Where the administration of sodium or chloride could cause clinical harm, this solution is contraindicated.

Side Effects

Fever, infection at the injection site, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the injection site, extravasation, and hypervolemia are all reactions that might occur as a result of the solution or the delivery strategy. The doctor should also be aware of the likelihood of medicine additives causing unpleasant reactions. It’s a good idea to look up the prescribing information for any medicine additives that will be used in this way. Symptoms may arise as a result of an excess or deficit of one or more of the ions present in the solution; consequently, electrolyte levels must be monitored often.Due to the retention of water, hypernatremia can cause edema and worsening of congestive heart failure, resulting in an increased extracellular fluid volume. Chloride ions may cause a loss of bicarbonate ions when administered in significant levels, resulting in an acidifying effect. If an adverse reaction occurs, stop the infusion, assess the patient, implement appropriate treatment countermeasures, and save the remaining fluid for testing if needed.

Pregnancy & Lactation

Pregnancy Classification C. Sodium Chloride Injection has not been used in animal reproduction studies. It’s also unclear whether Sodium Chloride Injection can harm a fetus or affect reproduction capacity when given to a pregnant woman. Only provide Sodium Chloride Injection to a pregnant lady if it is absolutely necessary.

Mothers who are breastfeeding: This medication is not known to be excreted in human milk. Because many medicines are excreted in human milk, when Sodium Chloride Injection USP is given to a breastfeeding woman, caution should be observed.

Precautions & Warnings

During prolonged parenteral therapy or anytime the patient’s condition merits it, clinical examination and periodic laboratory determinations are required to monitor changes in fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations, and acid-base balance. In these or other solutions, significant departures from normal concentrations may necessitate modification of the electrolyte pattern. In patients with hypervolemia, renal insufficiency, urinary tract blockage, or imminent or severe cardiac decompensation, this solution should be used with caution.

Extraordinary electrolyte losses, such as those caused by prolonged nasogastric suction, vomiting, diarrhea, or the drainage of a gastrointestinal fistula, may demand additional electrolyte replacement. As needed, more electrolytes, minerals, and vitamins should be provided.

Patients using corticosteroids or corticotropin, as well as other salt-retaining patients, should avoid sodium-containing fluids. Patients with renal or cardiovascular insufficiency, with or without congestive heart failure, should be given sodium-containing solutions with caution, especially if they are postoperative or elderly.

Infusion of more than one liter of isotonic (0.9%) sodium chloride per day may supply more sodium and chloride than normally found in serum, and can exceed normal tolerance, resulting in hypernatremia; this may also cause a loss of bicarbonate ions, resulting in an acidifying effect. To minimize the risk of possible incompatibilities arising from mixing this solution with other additives that may be prescribed, the final infusate should be inspected for cloudiness or precipitation immediately after mixing, prior to administration and periodically during administration.

In a series connection, do not use a plastic container. If the administration is regulated by a pumping device, it is critical to stop the pumping operation before the container runs dry, as this can cause an air embolism. This solution should be administered intravenously with sterilized equipment. At least once every 24 hours, the IV administration device should be replaced.

Therapeutic Class

Intravenous fluid preparations

Pharmaceutical Name

Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd.